COP31

Applied to UNEP's 2025 total, the 18% cut needed by 2030 is about 10.5 billion tonnes, and the yearly pace climbs from about 3.9% to 10.8% by 2040. Current national plans cover under half of the first step.

Türkiye and Australia split the COP31 presidency to end a yearlong hosting fight. This week Türkiye's climate minister said the deal doesn't make them equals.