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Science — older stories

Research, space and discovery.

An outbound MBTA Green Line train at Boylston station, site of one of the system's sharpest subway curves.

Why Subway Trains Screech So Loudly on Tight Curves

Trains can't steer their wheels independently, so tight curves force a stick-slip vibration that turns steel into a very loud, unintentional bell.

Science  · 5 Aug 2026, 12:40  · Daniel Okafor
Aerial drone view of Lake Willoughby in Vermont ringed by autumn foliage, with Mount Hor and Mount Pisgah in the background.

Why Lakes 'Turn Over' Twice a Year, Explained

Water's density peaks at 39.2°F, not at freezing. That single anomaly drives the seasonal mixing that keeps a lake's deep water breathing.

Science  · 3 Aug 2026, 12:26  · Daniel Okafor
The control room aboard the US Navy submarine USS Greeneville, illustrative of a submarine attack center.

Why Submarines Switch to Red Lighting at Night

Red light protects a submarine crew's night vision before a periscope watch. A Coast Guard researcher's blunt 2002 verdict complicates the tidy version of that story.

Science  · 30 Jul 2026, 12:24  · Daniel Okafor
Popped popcorn next to several unpopped kernels, known in the popcorn industry as "old maids."

Why Some Popcorn Kernels Never Pop, Explained

Unpopped "old maids" aren't random. A Purdue food chemist found the difference between a good popper and a dud comes down to moisture and a kernel's cellulose hull.

Science  · 29 Jul 2026, 12:24  · Daniel Okafor
Reporters watch news coverage of the magnitude 7.1 earthquake and one-meter tsunami advisory in southern Japan, from an office in Tokyo on July 28, 2026. Photo: Andrew Caballero-Reynolds/AFP via Getty Images.

Why Some Earthquakes Come in Swarms, Not One Big Shock

Tuesday's magnitude 7.1 Kumamoto earthquake struck as one sudden jolt, while sequences in the Philippines and the Canary Islands unfolded as sprawling swarms. The difference comes down to fluid, not fault size.

Science  · 28 Jul 2026, 12:26  · Daniel Okafor
Close-up of a Mimosa pudica sensitive plant with its leaflets folded closed

Why Some Plants Close Their Leaves Every Night

Plants that fold their leaves at night aren't wilting or sleeping — they're running an evolved, energy-spending routine called nyctinasty.

Science  · 26 Jul 2026, 12:22  · Daniel Okafor
NASA visualization of the Schumann resonance, the electromagnetic cavity formed between Earth's surface and the ionosphere.

The Schumann Resonance, Explained: Real Physics Behind a Wellness Myth

The Schumann resonance is a real electromagnetic hum circling the planet, discovered in 1952 and confirmed in 1960. Here's the physics, and why the wellness claims built on it don't hold up.

Science  · 25 Jul 2026, 12:28  · Daniel Okafor
Artist’s illustration of a satellite collision spawning a cloud of orbital debris around Earth.

Has the Kessler Syndrome Already Started? Experts Are Split

NASA, ESA, MIT and University of Arizona scientists agree the space-debris cascade is plausible. They do not agree on whether it has already begun, or how bad it gets from here.

Science  · 24 Jul 2026, 12:21  · Daniel Okafor
NASA visualization of tracked debris objects cluttering low Earth orbit around the planet.

The CRASH Clock, Explained: How Close Satellites Really Are to Disaster

A new metric called the CRASH Clock measures how many days it would take for a first satellite collision in low Earth orbit if all maneuvering stopped, and its authors just revised the number sharply downward.

Science  · 23 Jul 2026, 17:13  · Daniel Okafor
A bar of castile soap, an example of true soap made from saponified oils.

Why Bar Soap Doesn't Have an Expiration Date

A bar of soap left untouched for years still lathers fine. That's partly chemistry — and partly a quirk of FDA regulation that exempts true soap from the rules covering cosmetics and drugs.

Science  · 22 Jul 2026, 12:27  · Daniel Okafor
Satellite image of Hurricane Milton showing the counterclockwise spiral characteristic of large Northern Hemisphere storms shaped by the Coriolis effect.

The Coriolis Toilet Myth: What Really Makes the Water Spin

Toilets don't flush counterclockwise in one hemisphere and clockwise in the other. What actually decides the swirl is jet angle and bowl geometry, not planetary rotation.

Science  · 22 Jul 2026, 07:10  · Daniel Okafor
A jagged lightning bolt branching across a dark sky, illustrating the miles-long channel behind thunder's crack and rumble

Why Thunder Cracks Up Close but Rumbles From Far Away

A single lightning bolt can sound like a sharp crack in one spot and a rolling rumble a few miles away, and the split comes down to how far its miles-long channel is from your ear.

Science  · 21 Jul 2026, 09:23  · Daniel Okafor
A three-panel composite of the sun, an aurora display and Earth, illustrating Solar Cycle 25's link to aurora activity. Image: Created in Canva Pro; aurora photo by Daisy Dobrijevic, via Space.com.

Solar Cycle 25 Is Fading. The Auroras Might Not Be Yet

Solar Cycle 25 hit its peak in October 2024, but the history of two previous cycles suggests the biggest flares — and the biggest light shows — can still be ahead in 2026.

Science  · 20 Jul 2026, 22:34  · Daniel Okafor
USGS map showing isogonic lines that trace the pattern of magnetic declination across the United States.

Magnetic North vs. True North: Why Your Compass Lies

Your compass isn't pointing at the North Pole. It's pointing at a wandering magnetic point currently 1,200 miles away and drifting toward Siberia.

Science  · 19 Jul 2026, 07:10  · Daniel Okafor
Uranus photographed by Voyager 2 in 1986, the only close-up images of the sideways planet ever taken.

Why Uranus Tilts on Its Side, and a New Theory Why

Uranus is the only planet that spins on its side. The classic explanation is a violent collision, but a newer theory blames a moon that slowly tilted the planet, then destroyed itself.

Science  · 18 Jul 2026, 07:22  · Daniel Okafor
Ice cubes in a tray, evoking the freezer experiments at the center of Mpemba effect research.

The Mpemba Effect: Why Hot Water Sometimes Beats Cold to Freeze

For 60 years physicists couldn't agree whether hot water really freezes faster than cold. A 2025 study finally explains why the effect is real, and why it's mostly chance.

Science  · 17 Jul 2026, 12:28  · Daniel Okafor
Close-up of aluminum foil showing its shiny and dull textured surfaces.

Why Aluminum Foil Has a Shiny Side and a Dull Side

The shiny and dull sides of aluminum foil come from a manufacturing quirk, not a cooking rule — and lab tests show almost no difference between them.

Science  · 16 Jul 2026, 11:14  · Daniel Okafor
Engineers in clean-room suits maneuver Katalyst Space Technologies' LINK robotic servicing spacecraft into a vibration test chamber at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.

Why Satellites Fall From Orbit — and NASA's Race to Save One

A commercial spacecraft is trying to catch a falling NASA telescope before it burns up -- a real-time lesson in why nothing stays in orbit forever.

Science  · 15 Jul 2026, 08:22  · Daniel Okafor
Multiple bright lightning bolts strike behind a silhouetted water tower during a nighttime thunderstorm.

Why Thunder Sometimes Cracks and Other Times Just Rumbles

A lightning bolt makes one discharge. What you hear afterward depends entirely on how far away you're standing when the sound arrives.

Science  · 14 Jul 2026, 12:23  · Daniel Okafor
A studio microphone, which captures only the air-conducted half of your voice.

Why Does Your Voice Sound Different in Recordings?

The voice you hear in your head and the one everyone else hears aren't the same signal, and the difference comes down to a wiring quirk in your skull.

Science  · 13 Jul 2026, 08:56  · Daniel Okafor